Why the Mediterranean? The defence against floods has always been a major problem for Northern countries, which have acquired a great experience in the subject matter and had to develop long-term Civil Defence strategies, by building artificial dams and beaches. The high availability of sand on the bottom of the North Sea enabled them to build large structures that now have to be reconsidered taking into account CC, but without the need to radically change a centuries-old strategy. In the Mediterranean basin, this kind of experience does not exist. We need to start realising that the territories that we once torn away from the sea or marsh waters have to be protected, just like it happens in Northern Europe. As a matter of fact, there are no other alternatives to sea level rise and wave height rise….. but the setting back of the bank!